A business plan is a vision of the future of the business in order to envision the business, integrate resources, focus efforts, fix problems, and find opportunities。Unfortunately, today people only think of business plans as applications for venture funding。In fact, the business plan is to predict the growth rate of the enterprise and make plans for future actions。
2要素
Executive summary
It's at the top of the business plan but I suggest that it should be done at the end。
Company profile
Including the company's registration, history, and start-up plan。
Product service
Describe the specificity of your product or service and its target audience。
Strategy implementation
You need to know your market, the needs of your customers, where the customers are, how to get them。
Management team
Describe the main team members。
Financial analysis
Make sure this section is a true reflection of your current financial situation, including your cash position and earnings。
3 Evaluation criteria
1.A successful business plan should have a good starting plan。Whether the plan is simple, easy to understand and operate。
2.Whether the plan is specific and modest, whether the plan includes specific dates and specific people responsible for specific projects and budgets。
3.The plan should be objective, sales estimates, expense budgets, whether objective and accurate。
4.Whether the plan is complete, whether all the elements are included, and whether the connections between the front and back relationships are smooth。
4. Failed plans are prone to failure
1, the description language is confused and unclear, a long plan with a lot of nonsense (plain language + chart description);
2, the business plan is very unprofessional, such as lack of basic data, analysis is too simple;Or the data is not convincing, come up with some data that is far from the industry standard;
3, there is no strong implementation of the project plan;
4, only creative, no practical experience and no details of the project plan;
5. Project plans with unclear plan objectives or difficult to measure the implementation of goals;
6, a large description of the market and environment, to explain the company's business type and objectives;
7, too much emphasis on the advancement of technology or product service creativity, while ignoring the implementation, failing to clearly explain business opportunities and execution capabilities, thinking that "work to nature";
8. There are many slogans in the plan, but few descriptions of the strategies and tactics to achieve the goal;
9, emphasizing the market capacity or production capacity, but did not make clear how to sell their products: only sales targets, no specific plans to achieve sales targets;
10. Emphasizing past achievements without convincingly presenting a strategic approach to maintaining sustainable competitive advantage in the future;
11, too much emphasis on relying on a large company's supply and marketing relationship, so that investors are worried about the huge risk of relying too much on a single strategic partner;
12, the strength of the management team is exaggerated, or claims: if the investment, a celebrity will join the company;
13. The description of market introduction and team assistance is not convincing;
14, production and marketing implementation plan or not involved, or with a single mention;
15, underestimate the strength of competitors, or simply say that there are no competitors;Have no clear understanding of competition and ignore the threat of competition;
16. The description of the market and competitors lacks specific materials and data;
17, the business difficulties and risks are not expected enough, too optimistic;
18. The market size is too small, the occasional stage market, or the estimation method of market capacity and market share is not scientific;
19, the product or customer is too single (weak risk resistance), or the product or customer is too much and too miscellaneous (concentration concentration is not enough);
20, product service selling points too many highlights, pan but not fine;
21. Unsubstantiated blind optimism that the company will go public in two or three years;
22, excessive surface articles or word games (such as emphasizing overseas doctor, leadership care, conference awards, many expert advisers);
23, exaggerated company name and project name (such as a start-up company for the domestic market named a certain international group);
24. Deliberately concealing the truth and avoiding the description of the project;
25. The description of the fund budget is unclear or unreasonable, and the direction of the use of funds is vague;
26, the budget has expensive renovations and luxury cars and other unrealistic expenses;
27, the income model is not clear;The numerical calculation model of profit model is not clear;
28, the financial data calculation is not accurate, the articulation relationship is unreasonable, and the data discrepancy is too large;[1]
5用途
A business plan helps an entrepreneur or entrepreneur map out a business, organize operations, and raise capital。
For entrepreneurs starting a new business, a business plan has four basic objectives: to determine the nature and content of the business opportunity;Describe the approach the entrepreneur plans to take to capitalize on this opportunity;Identify the factors most likely to determine the success of the business;Identify the vehicle for raising funds。
A business plan can be thought of as a game plan for entrepreneurs。It crystallizes the ideals and hopes that motivate entrepreneurs to commit to building businesses。The most common type of business plan is the business plan for a new business。In these business plans, entrepreneurs plan the sales, operations, and financial aspects of a pre-built business for the first three to five years。However, a business plan can also be used to describe a major expansion of an already existing business. For example, an entrepreneur who already has a small business may plan to add a production line or open a branch.
As a blueprint for entrepreneurs to create a new business, the business plan is essentially a bridge between the ideal and the reality。It is impossible for an entrepreneur to see a business become a physical entity without initially seeing the desired end result in his mind 。The business plan first sells the proposed venture or operation to the entrepreneur himself。When making a business plan, the entrepreneur will have a deeper and deeper understanding of what he wants to do。
For an entrepreneur, he can progress from only having an idea to fully recognizing the market opportunity to turn an idea into an actual startup。For entrepreneurs who already have a certain foundation and want to expand further, he can see the opportunity to propel the rapid development of the enterprise through the business plan。
Communication tool
A business plan can be used to present the value of the business to attract investment, credit, employees, strategic partners, or other stakeholders, including the government。
A mature business plan will not only describe your company's growth history, show the direction and vision of future growth, but also quantify the potential profitability。This requires you to have a comprehensive understanding of your company, to think about all existing problems, to make plans for possible hidden dangers, and to be able to put forward effective work plans。
Management tool
A business plan is first and foremost a planning tool that can guide you through the different stages of your company's growth。
A thoughtful plan will help you identify roadblocks so you can get around them。Many entrepreneurs share business plans with their employees to give the team a deeper understanding of where their business is headed。
Large companies are also using business plans, through annual periodic discussions and careful deliberation, to finalize the organization's future action plan and the current year's action plan, and to unify the will of superiors and subordinates。
A business plan can also help you track, monitor, feed back, and measure your business processes。
A good business plan is a living document that will grow with the knowledge and experience of the team。
When you have established the company's timeline and milestones, and over time, you can measure how the company's actual path differs from the original plan。More and more companies are beginning to use annual periodic planning work to summarize the success and shortcomings of the previous cycle, in order to adjust the collective direction and steps, and then reward the good and punish the bad, and stimulate the growth of the team。
Commitment instrument
What is most often overlooked is that a business plan is also a promise
Business plan
Business Plan (1)
Tool of。This is most evident when companies use business plans to carry out financing work。
Like any other legal document, the business plan will often exist as an attachment to the financing contract when the company and the investor sign the contract。Corresponding to this attachment is the gambling clause in the main contract。The bet clause and the business plan, together, will form a performance commitment: when the manager meets or fails to meet the objectives agreed in the business plan, how will the benefits be redistributed between the investor and the entrepreneur。
The business plan is also an effective commitment tool when assisting in the execution of the internal management of the company。
After superiors and subordinates agree on a specific goal, the business plan they work on together records the agreement on the goal。Such an agreement will become an important basis for the implementation of various incentive tools。
The business plan also reflects the commitment of superiors to subordinates。
The development of corporate strategy inevitably means the necessary resource investment。Only a carefully thought out strategy can give leaders the determination to invest。One can forgive changes in action plans and even strategies due to changes in specific circumstances and increased knowledge, but no one wants to work with a leader who is constantly changing and does not have the ability to think strategically。
Business plans that neither inform nor excite investors end up in the dustbin。To ensure that the business plan "hits the mark," venture entrepreneurs should do the following。
6分类
Business plans can be divided into four categories, namely micro plans, work plans, submission plans and electronic plans。
1.microplan
It's safe to say that almost every business idea starts with some kind of mini-plan。There is no limit to the length of the micro-plan. The key elements that should be included are the business idea, requirements, marketing plan and financial statements, especially cash flow and revenue projections
Business plan template
Business Plan Template (13 photos)
And balance sheet。Micro-planning is the best way to quickly test a business idea or weigh the value of a potential partner。It can also provide valuable reference for drawing up long-form plans in the future。The micro plan can be regarded as the concentration and refinement of the business plan, which has a great impact on attracting investors' attention and improving financing efficiency。
2.Work plan
The work plan is a tool for running the business and will use a longer length to deal with the details and describe the response
Business plan classification
Business plan classification
洁。As a guiding document for internal use, the work plan does not have to be tangled in layout, binding, etc., but the internal unity of facts and figures is just as important for the work plan as any other external plan。
3.Submit a proposal
Although the submission of a plan has almost the same amount of information as the work plan, it is somewhat different in style. In addition to the language requirements, the submission of a plan should include some additional content about all the competitive pressures and risks that investors need。
4.Electronic plan
With the popularization of computer applications today, electronic business plan has been widely used for its advantages of fast speed, convenient transmission, intuitive form and low cost。However, the electronic plan is easier to copy and disseminate, which is not conducive to the confidentiality of the relevant information, so it cannot completely replace the paper plan。
7 Information Requirements
编辑
Before preparing the business plan, it is necessary to make a quick feasibility study of the business concept and collect as much relevant information as possible, which will mainly focus on marketing, finance and production operations。
1: First of all, the market should be clearly defined, and on this basis to evaluate the potential of the market。Specific methods include obtaining information from associations, government reports and other channels, but also around the product nature, product areas, market prospects and other aspects of sufficient market research。
2. To judge the feasibility of a newly established enterprise, three aspects of financial information are generally required, including:
2.1: Estimated sales and expenses for at least three years in the initial stage
2.2: Cash flow in the initial three years
2.3: Current and future three years of balance sheet forecast
3. The feasibility study of manufacturing operation depends on the characteristics of the enterprise, and most of the required information can be obtained directly, including:
3.1：地点
3.2: Manufacturing operations
3.3: Raw materials and equipment
3.4: Labor skills
3.5：空间
3.6: Overhead
8 How to write well
Focus on product
In the business plan, all details related to the company's products or services should be provided, including all investigations carried out by the company。These questions include: What stage of development is the product in？How unique is it？How does a business distribute its products？Who uses the company's products and why？How much the product costs to produce and how much it sells for？What is the company's plan to develop new modern products？Get the funder involved in the product or service of the business, so that the funder is as interested in the product as the venture entrepreneur。In the business plan, entrepreneurs should try to describe everything in simple words。The definition of goods and their properties is very clear to entrepreneurs, but others are not necessarily clear about what they mean。The purpose of a business plan is not only to convince investors that the product will have a revolutionary impact on the world, but also to convince them that the business has a case to prove it。The business plan should explain the product in such a way that the funder thinks, "Oh, how wonderful and inspiring this product is!"
Dare to compete
In the business plan, venture entrepreneurs should carefully analyze the situation of their competitors。Who the competitors are？How does their product work？What are the similarities and differences between competitors' products and our products？What are the marketing strategies used by the competitors？Be clear about the sales of each competitor，Gross profit, revenue and market share，Then we will discuss the competitive advantages of the company relative to each competitor，To show investors，The reason why customers prefer our company is that the quality of our products is good，Prompt delivery，Moderate positioning，Right price and so on，The business plan needs to convince its readers，Our company is not only a strong competitor in the industry，And it will be a leader in setting industry standards in the future。In the business plan, the entrepreneur should also explain the risks that competitors pose to the business and the countermeasures that the business will take。
Understand the market
The business plan should provide investors with an in-depth analysis and understanding of the target market。It is necessary to carefully analyze the influence of economic, geographical, occupational and psychological factors on the behavior of consumers choosing to buy the products of the enterprise, and the role of each factor。The business plan should also include a major marketing plan, which should list the areas where the company intends to carry out advertising, promotion and public relations activities, and specify the budget and revenue for each activity。The business plan should also outline the company's sales strategy: whether the company will use outside sales representatives or internal staff？Whether the business uses a reseller, distributor or franchisee？What kind of sales training will the company provide？In addition, the business plan should pay special attention to the details of the sale。
Indicate a course of action
A company's action plan should be airtight。The business plan should address the following questions: How will the company bring the product to market？How to design the production line, how to assemble the product？What raw materials are needed for enterprise production？What production resources does the company need？What is the cost of production and equipment？Whether companies buy or rent equipment？Explain the fixed and variable costs associated with product assembly, storage and delivery。
Show your management team
To turn an idea into a successful venture, the key factor is to have a strong management team。The members of this team must have high technical expertise, managerial skills and many years of work experience，Give investors a sense of, "Look，Who's on this team?!If the company were a football team，They will go all the way to the World Cup final!"The function of a manager is to plan, organize, control and direct the actions of the company to achieve its goals。In the business plan, you should first describe the entire management team and its responsibilities, then separately describe the special talents, characteristics and accomplishments of each manager, and describe in detail the contribution each manager will make to the company。
The business plan should also specify management objectives and an organizational chart。
Excellent plan summary
A summary of the plan in the business plan is also important。It must keep the reader interested and eager for more information, and it will leave a lasting impression on the reader。The plan summary will be the last piece written by the venture entrepreneur，But it's the first thing investors look at，It will extract from the plan the details most relevant to raising capital: including the fundamentals of the company，The company's capabilities and limitations，The company's competitors，Marketing and financial strategy，A concise and vivid summary of the company's management team, etc。If a company is a book, it is like the cover of the book, and if it is done well, it can attract investors。It gives venture capitalists the impression that "this company is going to be a giant in the industry, and I can't wait to read the rest of the plan.。”
A well-thought-out exit
A well-thought-out exit path, no matter how the investment turns out, is of great concern to venture capitalists, who obviously want their money back if it doesn't work out;Even if the investment works well, they are not willing to own the company for a long time, and sooner or later they will have to withdraw their investment。The stated goal of every venture capitalist is to turn the original investment into negotiable bank cash。Therefore, in your plan, you must clearly indicate their exit path。For example: company stock listing, equity transfer, buyback and other withdrawal measures。
9 Documents to be prepared before writing
List of materials required for business plan: 1. Company summary;2. Ownership structure and shareholder background;3, the company's organizational structure, senior management profile;4, product introduction, market share, intellectual property status;5. Capital demand and use plan。
10 Content Framework
Although a business plan does not necessarily need a fixed model, it is written in a relatively standardized format, which covers the most important aspects of a business plan to answer questions, and has been recognized by many experts and practitioners。An enterprise's own business plan and the one presented to potential investors may differ slightly in form or focus, but the substance and essence should be the same。In general, any business plan must carefully examine and analyze the objectives of the enterprise, the industry and market it is in, the products and services it can provide, the competition it will encounter, the management of competitors and other resources, how to meet customer requirements, long-term advantages, and the basic financial situation and financial forecast of the enterprise。As for who should prepare such an important business plan, it mainly depends on the size of the enterprise, but it is generally discussed by the core members of the enterprise, and if necessary, it can also hire external professional consultants to assist。Below, we use a complete example to describe the business plan。
Covers and contents
The business plan cover should look professional and provide contact information, if submitted to investors, it should be beautiful and include confidential instructions, and an accurate index of contents will allow readers to quickly find what they want to see。
Administrative summary
This is a very important programme-based foreword, which mainly summarizes the source, nature, objectives and strategies of the enterprise, the characteristics of the products and services, the market potential and competitive advantages, the performance of the management team and other resources, the expected financial situation and financing needs of the enterprise。
Enterprise description
Introduce the history, origin and organization of the enterprise，And highlight the main goals of the company for the future (both long and short term)，Intellectual property rights and feasibility of the products and services provided by the enterprise，The markets for which these products and services are targeted and current sales，The current capital investment of the enterprise and the market areas to be entered, as well as the management team and resources。
Market analysis
Describe the market conditions of the business positioning industry, indicating the size of the market, the expected rate of growth and other important aspects, including market trends, target customer characteristics, market research or statistics, and the pattern and degree of market acceptance of products and services, to convince the investor that the market is large and growing。
Competitive analysis
Clearly identify similar products and services that compete with the enterprise，Analyze competitive situation and identify competitor information，It includes the identity, source and market share of competitors，Their strengths and weaknesses，Recent market trends, etc，At the same time, carefully compare the products and services of enterprises and competitors in terms of price, quality, function and other differences，Explain why the company wins the competition。
Products and services
List the types of products and services currently provided by the enterprise，And plans for future products and services，State what makes your products and services unique，Including cost, quality, functionality, reliability and price，Indicate where the product is in its life cycle or development progress，If the company's products and services have unique competitive advantages，Protective measures and strategies should be indicated。
Financial plan
It includes the actual financial situation of the business, the expected sources and use of funds, the balance sheet, the expected revenue (profit and loss situation) and the cash flow forecast。This part of the business plan is a key part of the development process, it is best to seek the help of accountants and other professionals, financial projections are always ahead of actual numbers, so the forecast should be realistic and feasible。
附录
This section should include BIOS of key personnel, job titles, organizational charts, expected market information, financial statements, and other data resources presented in the business plan。
11 Sample Template
A business plan is a blueprint for a business with a given purpose (usually financing), which is carefully considered, based on data, cases and facts, and predicts that with the cooperation of certain conditions and resources, it will create a considerable return。Although it has a lot of uncertainties, but through quite persuasive language and action plan, readers (most of whom are investors) can fully understand its content and invest in a vote of confidence。A good business plan makes people believe that if they stick to the plan, they will succeed。
The business plan should be able to reflect the operator's understanding of the project and grasp of success, it should highlight the operator's core competitiveness;At least reflect how operators create their own competitive advantages, how to stand out in the market, how to fight for a larger market share, how to develop and expand。What "hows" make up the persuasive power of a business plan。If there are only vision goals and expectations and the "how" is ignored, then the business plan will become a "slogan"。
The first part is XX project summary
A brief description of the company
Ii. Purpose and objectives of the Company
Third, the company's current ownership structure
4. The invested funds and their uses
V. Introduction of the company's main products or services
XX market overview and marketing strategy
Vii. Introduction of main business departments and performance
8. Core management team
9. Description of company advantages
10. The current capital increase needs of the company to achieve its goals: reasons, quantities, methods, uses and repayment
十一、融资方案（资金筹措及投资方式及退出方案）
Xii. Financial analysis
1. Financial historical data
2. Financial forecast
3. Assets and liabilities
The second part is XX project overview
Chapter One introduces the company
I. The purpose of the company
2. Company profile information
3. Functions and business objectives of each department
Iv. Company management
1. Board of Directors
2. Management team
3. External support
Chapter two XX technology and products
1. Technical description and technology holding
2. Product status
1. Main product catalog
2. Product characteristics
3. Introduction of products under development/to be developed
4. R&d plan and schedule
5. Intellectual property strategy
6. Intangible assets
Third, XX product production
1. Supply of resources and raw materials
2. Existing production conditions and production capacity
3. Expansion facilities, requirements and costs, and production capacity after expansion
4, the original main equipment and need to add equipment
5, product standards, quality inspection and production cost control
6. Packaging, storage and transportation
The third chapter is XX market analysis
First, XX market size, market structure and division
2. XX target market setting
Third, XX products consumer groups, consumption patterns, consumption habits and the main factors affecting the market analysis
Fourth, the current market situation of the company's products, the market development stage of the products (blank/new development/high growth/mature/saturated) product ranking and brand status
XX market trend forecast and market opportunities
XX industry policy
The fourth chapter XX competition analysis
First, there is no industry monopoly
Second, look at the market share of competitors from the market segmentation
Third, the main competitors: company strength, product situation
Iv. Analysis of potential competitors and market changes
Five, the company's product competitive advantage
Chapter five XX marketing
I. Outline the marketing plan
2. Formulation of sales policies
Third, sales channels, methods, marketing links and after-sales service
Iv. Status of main business relations
V. Sales team situation and sales welfare distribution policy
Promotion and market penetration
1. Main promotion methods
2. Advertising/public relations strategy, media evaluation
Vii. Product price plan
1. Pricing basis and price structure
2. Factors affecting price changes and countermeasures
Viii. Sales data statistics and sales record methods, calculation of sales cycle。
9. Market development planning and sales target
Chapter VI XX investment description
I. Description of capital requirements (amount/period)
Ii. Fund use plan and progress
Iii. Investment form (loan/interest rate/interest rate payment conditions/conversion - common stock, preferred stock, any equity/corresponding price, etc.)
4. Capital structure
Return/repayment plan
6. Description of the structure of capital liabilities
7. Investment mortgage
8. Investment guarantee
Ix. Ownership structure after investment
10. Equity cost
11. The extent to which investors are involved in the management of the company
Xii. Report
Xiii. Payment of miscellaneous fees
Chapter 7 Return on investment and exit of XX project
1. Stock listing
2. Equity transfer
Third, share buyback
Iv. Dividends
Chapter 8 Risk analysis of XX project
First, resource risk
Second, market uncertainty risk
3. Research and development risks
4. Production uncertainty risk
5. Cost control risk
6. Competition risk
7. Policy risks
8. Financial risks
9. Manage risks
10. Bankruptcy risk
Chapter 9 Company management
I. Organizational structure of the company
Ii. Management system and labor contract
Third, personnel planning
4. Salary and welfare program
5. Equity allocation and subscription plan
Chapter X financial analysis of XX project
I. Financial analysis
2. Financial data forecasting
1. Sales revenue statement
2. Detailed cost list
3. Detailed salary level
4. Schedule of fixed assets
5. Balance sheet
6, profit and profit distribution schedule
7. Cash flow statement
8. Analysis of financial indicators
General business plan preparation time
The preparation of a complete business plan by a professional investment advisory firm takes 10-15 working days。
12案例
Chemical pump chemical valve graphite condenser production project business plan
The following is the reference catalog, and the specific project catalog will be adjusted according to the specific project situation。
Confidentiality instructions
Chapter one: Project summary
Chapter two introduces the project company
I. Basic introduction
2. Major shareholders
3. Organizational structure and management
Fourth, enterprise development strategy and operation
Chapter three: Project background and construction
I. Project introduction
Ii. Project background
Iii. Project construction content and scale
4. Project progress
5. Project government support
The fourth chapter project industry market analysis
I. National market analysis of the project
Ii. Industry market analysis of the project city
Iii. Market analysis of the industry in the project region
Chapter five: Project positioning and market analysis
I. Project market positioning
Ii. Project market analysis
Chapter six: Project marketing strategy
First, project marketing model
2. Project sales channels
3. Project public relations activities
Fourth, project network marketing
5. Project marketing personnel management
Chapter 7 Project competition and risk analysis
I. Analysis of project competitors
Ii. Project risks and countermeasures
Chapter VIII Project investment estimation and financial analysis
I. Setting of conditions for project investment calculation
Ii. Project investment evaluation and financial analysis
Iii. Schedule of project financial analysis
Chapter 9 Conclusion
附件
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